In professional audio electronics design, an automated gain control circuit stabilizes output volume using an active feedback amplifier loop. The loop amplification gain factor (dimensionless ratio) depends on an input control bias voltage (in Volts, ) and a digital potentiometer feedback resistance (in kilo-ohms, , for ):
- Compute the first-order partial derivatives and .
- Compute the second-order partial derivatives ().
- Verify Clairaut's Theorem for the mixed partials and .
- Construct the Hessian matrix and evaluate it at the reference bias operating point .
- Calculate the Hessian determinant at and determine whether the gain surface exhibits a local extremum or a saddle behavior at this operating point.