In closed-loop biomedical devices, an automated artificial pancreas regulates blood glucose levels by computing active residual insulin in the patient's bloodstream before authorizing a micro-bolus injection.
The residual active insulin (in Units) over elapsed time (in hours) since the last automated basal release valve activation is modeled by the composite saturation decay function:
- Using composite limit techniques, evaluate to determine the instantaneous active insulin baseline at the exact instant the infusion valve opens.
- If the control algorithm required a non-zero initial reference value of to prevent a double-dose calculation error, verify whether the system meets this physiological baseline specification.